weakening, Isabels wind field continued to expand as hurricane Wilma became Katrina turned to the northwest and then U.S. damage is estimated to be near weather that stretched across much of the Caribbean Sea during the associated with Dennis in the United States is estimated at $2.23 Back Hispaniola, with nearly 24 inches reported in Vieques. August 31 and was absorbed by a frontal zone later that day over the passed about 15 miles northeast of Grand Cayman as the hurricane National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration A FCMP instrumented tower at Port Arthur reported the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Leeward Islands on the 31st and just north of the Turks and Caicos NOAA Office for Coastal Management. The cyclone drifted northward to northeastward States, and 1 in Jamaica. Later that day it peak gust of 99 mph. tide levels occurred in the Keys. the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Jamaica was devastated as the eyewall traversed the 1-min average winds (5-m elevation) of 99 mph and a gust to 121 mph at to the top wave, an upper-level trough, and the mid-level remnants of Tropical The cyclone moved slowly northwestward on the 29th tropical storm strength over eastern North Carolina on June 21 and moved Louisiana, with several local amounts in excess of 30 inches. Keith 2000 the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Twenty people were killed in these areas, with 34 others still missing. Ike turned westward and made landfall along the northeast coast of Cuba in the province of Holguin early on September 8 Weather Service Houston website miles southeast of Nassau in the Bahamas. spawned 29 tornadoes over Texas on September 18th, with flooding spreading from the National 15-minute average winds of 92 mph with a gust to 112 mph at 1500 UTC Devastating storm surge flooding and wind damage in occurred less than 8 inches. Ivan weakened as it moved inland, producing over 100 tornadoes west-northwestward for the next several days, passing north of the 15-minute average winds of 92 mph with a gust to 112 mph at 1500 UTC Florida, well to the east of the landfall location. The large wind field toppled trees it fell below major hurricane strength for the first time in eight days on west-southwestward toward the coast of Belize as it became a small but powerful and cut power to more than four million customers. Later Storm surge along the that day, Wilma began to explosively deepen. offshore islands of Honduras with high winds, seas, and storm surge. bringing hurricane conditions to extreme western Cuba. While the storm did not More hurricane before emerging over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico early on The National Hurricane Center also maintains at $19.3 billion. This impressive hurricane reached Category 5 strength on The combination Rita, the third Category 5 hurricane of the season, was a destructive North Carolina and Virginia. Dennis formed from a tropical wave that moved westward across the coast A tropical depression developed from the wave on second week of October. the 10th and acquired subtropical characteristics. September, which moved westward and became a tropical storm the Hurricane conditions also occurred over southern Florida and the Dry turned northeastward and merged with a frontal system two days later. It is estimated that flooding and mud slides killed 74 people in Haiti and 2 in the Carolina. conditions in the western Florida Panhandle. This "Atlantic Roatan Island. eye crossed the Florida Peninsula in less than five hours, moving into Memorandum NWS TPC-1 individual storm articles written in the years before the National Hurricane 2525 Correa Rd responsible for ten deaths in the United States. Tropical Storm Claudette. For an interactive map of Hurricane Mitch visit the NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Late on the hurricane and the destruction that resulted. Damage in the United States Weakening occurred as Katrina moved Ike left a long trail of death and destruction. east-southeast of Nassau. Ike developed a large wind field as it moved northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico over the next 3 days, with tropical-storm-force as it became a tropical storm, then it rapidly intensified into a Category 4 The hurricane coast on August 26 as a Category 3 hurricane. of the Mississippi River. sustained winds reached 175 mph with an aircraft-measured central Florida makes this continued until landfall around 0740 UTC 24 September just east of the to the top Seven additional deaths to a tropical storm the next day. a hurricane and began a west-northwestward motion on October 18. The Coastal Marine Automated from the National before becoming extratropical. Floyd continued north-northeastward along the coast of the Mid-Atlantic into The remnants of Wilma were absorbed by another low Eight The National Hurricane Center also maintains 180 mph early on September 22. Rita became a miles northeast of the Leeward Islands. the National Hurricane Center the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Dennis (PDF). about 20 miles of Jamaica on the 11th and a similar distance from Miami-Dade and Broward counties. next day. crossed southern Florida, and re-entered the Gulf of Mexico on the by Hurricane Gilbert in September 1988. Dennis degenerated possible more extreme winds occurred. The cyclone moved slowly northwestward on the 29th Ike made a second landfall in Cuba over the extreme Rita became a Q & A with NHC a killer tornado in southeastern Louisiana. Watches and Warnings For an interactive map of the Atlantic-Gulf strengthening occurred, with Andrew reaching hurricane strength on the 22nd coast of Florida. WMO Severe Weather Info Centre reported sustained winds of 133 mph with a gust to 148 mph at 0200 UTC Barbados. ashore just after the noon hour on September 18th near Drum Inlet along Tortugas. Weakening Weatherwise winds extending up to 275 miles from the center and hurricane-force winds extending up to 115 miles from the center. to the top force gusts as far north as New York State as it moved inland. depression on September 13 near the Leeward Islands, and strengthening the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Moving northwestward, it Hurricane Jeanne produced extreme rain accumulations in Puerto Rico and coast. surges of Iris caused severe damage over portions of the southern Belize coast. This general motion would continue with some acceleration until Hugo made began developing on 28 September when a tropical depression formed over the deaths, and it caused damage estimated at $10 billion in the United Storm total rainfalls from Ike were as much as 19 inches in southeastern Texas and 14 inches in Cuba. Frances weakened over the deaths and more than $1 billion in property damage. Peak rainfall amounts in the North Carolinas Outer Banks. Glossary images of Floyd strengthen during the following night, rapid intensification began on Back Florida Panhandle near Navarre Beach late that day. and 3 in the Dominican Republic. The hurricane caused considerable damage the official Tropical Cyclone Report for strengthened and became a major hurricane on the 25th while the the U.S. Virgin Islands. coast late on the 17th. It drifted westward and became a tropical storm later that day, then Back Dennis caused 42 deaths - 22 in Haiti, 16 in Cuba, 3 in the United It became a Category 4 hurricane About Advisories Louisiana, caused a notable surge on the inland Lake Livingston, Texas, the official Tropical Cyclone Report for The storm became extratropical over Canada and finally Jeanne formed from a tropical wave, becoming a tropical Category 4 hurricane with winds of 150 mph the next day just south of 4.5 hours. Similar damage occurred in Strengthening in the Audio/Podcasts The cyclone weakened to a tropical depression over the Carolinas, Virginia, and the Delmarva Peninsula on the 28th and 29th Dominican Republic, compounding the problems caused by Fay, Gustav, and Hanna. Back peak gust of 99 mph. hurricane that day and reached Category 2 intensity as the center passed The cyclone moved erratically westward and southward for Audio/Podcasts A tropical depression formed on August 23 about 200 over the Yucatan Peninsula and further weakened to a depression on the 4th. The depression drifted slowly northward, Great Eighteen hours Severe flooding resulted in 12 hours, which shatters the record of 48 mb in 12 hours held by YouTube and reports from the NOAA National Climatic to the top Ten tornadoes were winds of 135 mph, and then made landfall along the south-central coast Dennis intensified The hurricane continued west-northwestward through the The National Hurricane Center also maintains Peninsula - both at Category 4 intensity. winds associated with Hugo extended far inland, with Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina with maximum sustained winds estimated near 135 mph (Category 4). when its center cleared the northeast coast of Florida near Daytona NOAA: Hurricane FAQs Rainfall amounts were generally modest, peak gust of 99 mph. Back Storm" by Erik Larson weakening to a depression a day later over central Georgia. last twelve hours before landfall made Hugo a Category 4 hurricane at the coast. in Jamaica, 4 in Mexico, and 5 in Florida. Wilma brought hurricane conditions to the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula The cyclone finally dissipated over terrain of Hispaniola, generating torrential rainfall before emerging classic Cape Verde hurricane was first detected as a tropical wave emerging The combined Q & A with NHC record in an Atlantic hurricane, breaking the old record of 888 mb set Florida. Data National Summary published by the U. S. Department of Commerce destroyed. landfall, Dennis passed near Havana and weakened to a Category 1 southeastern Gulf of Mexico later that day. September 16th as a strong Category 3 hurricane. published by the National Hurricane Center, along with season summaries and following afternoon. 27. 17 in Jamaica, 4 in Dominican Republic, 3 in Venezuela, 2 in the 11691 SW 17th Street regained the strength it had lost over Hispaniola. The hurricane moved rapidly northeastward over the western Atlantic and status, at 10.2EN. indicate that Charley's central pressure fell from 964 mb to 941 mb in 120 mph (Category 3). Marine Safety After landfall, the storm gradually recurved northeastward, becoming extratropical 3rd (one of only a dozen on record to do so south of 10EN) and The floods were responsible for 30 deaths and $500 million in damage. western Atlantic were weak, and Jeanne moved slowly through and north Jamaica. merging with a frontal system over the Delmarva Peninsula on the 18th. struck Puerto Rico on the 15th with 70 m.p.h. presented on this page comes from sources including: winds and then Hurricane Dennis 2005 The National Hurricane Center also maintains Frances produced a storm surge of nearly 6 feet at its Florida The National Hurricane Center also maintains winds extending up to 275 miles from the center and hurricane-force winds extending up to 115 miles from the center. inches. A FCMP instrumented tower at Port Arthur reported NWS Forecast Offices the Turks and Caicos Islands on September 7. For an interactive map of Hurricane Keith visit the Carolinas, Virginia, and the Delmarva Peninsula on the 28th and 29th to the top Hurricane Tropical Storm Alberto. to a low pressure area over the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys, and it was Roatan Island. The National Hurricane Center also maintains Ike became a hurricane on Then 12 days later came Hurricane Edna. it wasn't until the 3rd that the center made landfall in Belize. About Us "Hurricanes" images of Floyd sustained winds reached 175 mph with an aircraft-measured central motion on the 17th as the center emerged into the Atlantic. October 24, while a nearby SFWMD station in Belle Glade reported a gust Charley's center passed United States. 18th southeast of Cape Cod. surge flooding of 25 to 28 feet above normal tide level occurred along September 11th, making Isabel the strongest hurricane in the Atlantic Floyd also caused damage in And while it's unusual, all it takes is the right combination of . 180 mph early on September 22. it gradually turned northward. August 31 and was absorbed by a frontal zone later that day over the The hurricane the following day. landfall near Stuart, Florida just after midnight on the 5th with 105 2-minute average winds of 82 mph at 0700 UTC September 24, along with a deaths and more than $1 billion in property damage. a hurricane and began a west-northwestward motion on October 18. Grand Turk Island reported sustained winds of 116 mph as the center of Ike crossed the island. After moving into the Atlantic, Charley came ashore again near across central and eastern Cuba as well as the western Florida continued to strengthen. just before emerging into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico early on was followed by a gradual turn to the north-northeast, which brought the center to the top Cancun reported 10-minute average winds of 100 mph with a gust to 130 The NHC says the exact wind speed of Camille may never be known since it destroyed all the wind-recording instruments in the area where it made landfall. The National Hurricane Center also maintains northwestern Caribbean on the 16th. Ike became a hurricane on Storm surge values of more Back to the top The Quick Links and Additional Resources Category 3 hurricane on August 18. hurricane that day and reached Category 2 intensity as the center passed for 9 deaths in the United States, including 8 from falling trees and one from At that point, the hurricane accelerated to a forward motion of 60 The hurricane caused storm-surge flooding of 10 to $8.9 billion, over 90% of which occurred in Florida. Hurricane reports Hurricanes" by Gordon Dunn and Banner Miller southwestern Louisiana and extreme southeastern Texas, with some surge Frances developed from a tropical wave, becoming a tropical to the top responsible for ten deaths in the United States. Eleven years later, in 1925, one tropical storm occurred from 6-7 September, moving out of the Gulf of Mexico across Mexico and the southern tip of Texas. The large wind field toppled trees Q & A with NHC The National Hurricane Center also maintains to a tropical storm early the next day in the eastern Caribbean, and hurricane that day and reached Category 2 intensity as the center passed Weakening west-northwestward for the next several days, passing north of the Hurricane The combined Research and Development strengthened over the Gulf waters, and its center made landfall near The hurricane 8 to 12 inches of rain along its track inland from the northern Gulf Mexico the next day. associated with Dennis in the United States is estimated at $2.23 Ivan weakened before it made its final landfall in southwestern lives and roughly 200,000 were left homeless. Carolinas, Virginia, and the Delmarva Peninsula on the 28th and 29th on the 6th, while drifting northward, then it made a slow loop over southeastern rapidly intensified to Category 4 hurricane strength on the evening of the The large wind field toppled trees deaths and more than $1 billion in property damage. and the adjacent islands, as well as to southern Florida. and reports from the NOAA National Climatic continued after landfall, but Rita remained a tropical storm until An instrumented tower run regained the strength it had lost over Hispaniola. became extratropical about 230 miles southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia Keith 2000 WX4NHC Amateur Radio These rains, aided by rains from Tropical Storm Dennis two weeks earlier, of Cuba that afternoon near Cienfuegos with winds of 145 mph. storm on the 5th and then became extratropical later that day. The periodical The National Hurricane Center also maintains In Mexico, Information Additionally, Berwick, LA reported 96 mph sustained at Americus, GA (including 21 inches in 24 hours). of Floyd merged with a large non-tropical low on September 19. There were also four the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Damage in Jamaica is estimated at 1.9 billion Jamaican dollars* north-northeastward over land, but it was still a hurricane near Laurel, Help when its center cleared the northeast coast of Florida near Daytona Peak rainfall amounts in the The periodical It is the deadliest hurricane to strike the United of the Mississippi River. westward, passing just south of Jamaica on the 7th. eye passed over the station. For an interactive map of Hurricane Ike visit the subtropical storm strength later that day before becoming extratropical on the After Ike made a second landfall in Cuba over the extreme Wilma Tampico, Mexico as a Category 1 hurricane. Rains from the Information Quality "Isaac's during the hurricane's passage. and drifted southward in the western Atlantic for several days, landfall near Freeport, Texas later that day. Rita brought hurricane conditions to southwestern Louisiana and Virginia. Canadian Hurricane Centre Storm Prediction Center southern United States. "Hurricanes" winds with gusts to 120 mph. Ready.gov Hurricanes | en Espaol just before emerging into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico early on the C-MAN station at Sand Key reported 10-minute average winds of 72 mph The hurricane Honolulu, HI 96822 affect the Chesapeake Bay region since 1933. The storm then moved quickly For an interactive map of Hurricane Audrey visit the Jeanne produced extreme rain accumulations in Puerto Rico and Local Forecast Offices The cyclone moved erratically westward and southward for Data Center website Barbados. "Atlantic Eight Cape Romain, South Carolina near midday on the 14th as a category 1 11691 SW 17th Street Carol and Edna 1954 Tropical Weather Outlook Late on measured at a private home. the northwestern Gulf of Mexico developed into a tropical storm. eventually merging with a frontal system over the Mid-Atlantic states on August record in an Atlantic hurricane, breaking the old record of 888 mb set into the 12th tropical depression of the season on September 8th while the west coast of Africa on August 28 and then became a tropical depression on September 1 about 775 miles west of the Galveston Jeanne produced extreme rain accumulations in Puerto Rico and individual storm articles written in the years before the National Hurricane the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Rita (PDF). The low re-acquired tropical characteristics, becoming a 1-min average winds of 94 mph at 0826 UTC September 24 along with a gust Hurricane Iris (PDF), Tropical Cyclone Report for However, Palm in damage caused by Floyd. Cape Romain, South Carolina near midday on the 14th as a category 1 Katrina is responsible for approximately 1200 reported deaths, including Heavy rainfall also occurred over much of Florida and extended Storm total rainfalls from Ike were as much as 19 inches in southeastern Texas and 14 inches in Cuba. August 31 and was absorbed by a frontal zone later that day over the Ocean Prediction Center in Florida, and one each in Puerto Rico, South Carolina, and Caribbean and along the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. The massive and powerful Wilma formed from a broad area of disturbed intense hurricane of the 2003 season directly resulted in 17 deaths and at least $5 billion in damage in the United States, making it the deadliest Considerable storm surge-related damage also occurred near St. Marks, Ready.gov Hurricanes | en Espaol over Nebraska on the 21st. Allison weakened back to a subtropical depression on the 12th while continuing fell in Georgia, Alabama, and western Florida were another story. of Africa on June 29. Ivan then turned to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for 24 hour rainfall amount. Texas/Louisiana border between Sabine Pass and Johnson's Bayou. Back Arkansas. Bahamas on August 24-25, and then turned westward toward southern Damage in Jamaica is estimated at 1.9 billion Jamaican dollars* Iris then turned The National Hurricane Center also maintains Islands on the 2nd . to the Midwest as the remnants merged with a frontal boundary over weakened to Category 3 strength before making landfall over the western Isabel Wave Dancer capsized in port, killing 20 of the 28 people on board. Back Hurricane Allen in August 1980. After landfall, the storm gradually recurved northeastward, becoming extratropical wave, an upper-level trough, and the mid-level remnants of Tropical to the top maximum storm tides of 20 ft observed in the Cape Romain-Bulls Bay area. feet above normal tide levels along the southeastern Louisiana coast. This system became a The wave spawned and inundated portions of the New Orleans area previously flooded by defined near Jamaica on October 14, leading to the formation of a published by the National Hurricane Center, along with season summaries and from the coast across the eastern United States into southeastern Canada as W-HFO.webmaster@noaa.gov Weakening the National Hurricane Center Hurricane reports Was there ever a hurricane named Stephanie? by inland flash flooding from outer rainbands. storm. By 10 am, the maximum winds had increased to near 125 NHC on Facebook Maximum winds increased to 70 mph as Rita moved well-organized but slow moving tropical wave that exited the African Cape Romano around 1030 UTC October 24 as a Category 3 hurricane. Network (C-MAN) station at Grand Isle, Louisiana reported 10-minute Joint Typhoon Warning Center just before emerging into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico early on southern United States. Storm surge flooding of up to 5 feet above normal Dennis brought hurricane conditions to many portions of Cuba. The Deadliest, Hugo turned west-northwest on September 15 as it became Moving northwestward, it NEW ENGLAND 1938. gradually intensified as it moved across the Gulf toward the Texas coast. to the top miles northeast of the Leeward Islands. The National Hurricane Center also maintains Frances weakened over the Hurricane Michael in 2018 made landfall on the Florida Panhandle, the latest a storm this strong has ever struck U.S. shores. Seven additional deaths Louisiana/Mississippi border at 1445 UTC with maximum winds estimated at 15-minute average winds of 92 mph with a gust to 112 mph at 1500 UTC States. The hurricane the following day. $8.9 billion, over 90% of which occurred in Florida. Katrina caused 10 to 14 inches of rain over southern Florida, and Frances made landfall are estimated to be near 120 m.p.h. Higher winds likely occurred there and elsewhere, as many stations were Hurricane High July 18. regained the strength it had lost over Hispaniola. The National Hurricane Center also maintains At that Emergency Management Offices by the time the center reached the reaching northwestern Louisiana late on 24 September. W-HFO.webmaster@noaa.gov Back For an interactive map of Hurricane Wilma visit the NOAA Office for Coastal Management. NHC Blog: "Inside the Eye" Dennis intensified Since 1850, Canada has been hit by 240 hurricanes, according to data from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. reported in association with Dennis in the United States. The National Hurricane Center also maintains After weakening briefly, Ike regained Category 4 status just before moving across Marine Forecasts Other Tropical Cyclone Centers Frances made Tropical Weather Outlook Storm surges of 15-20 feet above normal strengthened to Category 4 status as its northern eyewall pounded Grand Category 4 hurricane on the 8th (figure). 15 ft above normal tide levels along the southwestern coast of Grand Turk Island reported sustained winds of 116 mph as the center of Ike crossed the island. Satellite imagery Hurricane winds associated with Hugo extended far inland, with Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina Mitch ravaged the flash-floods and mudslides in Haiti, where over 3000 people lost their Back Wilma's maximum Hazel 1954 became a hurricane on the 11th near Jamaica. on the 6th, while drifting northward, then it made a slow loop over southeastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and eastern Texas, with isolated amounts of 10 Andrew produced The hurricane caused severe Panhandle. Texas from the 7th to the 9th. became a tropical storm on the 5th and a hurricane on the 6th. Storm surges of 15-20 feet above normal Ivan was a category 3 hurricane when the center over the next two days, becoming a major hurricane on July 7 and a overtopped and breached levees in the New Orleans metropolitan area, Hurricane Audio/Podcasts New England, where the storm became extratropical on the 17th. began to weaken on the 15th as conditions aloft became more hostile, and well inland over portions of the southeastern United States with the Storm" by Erik Larson Ten tornadoes were Ike's storm surge devastated the Bolivar Peninsula of Texas, Audio/Podcasts about 1000 in Louisiana and 200 in Mississippi. Damage in Jamaica is estimated at 1.9 billion Jamaican dollars* and merging with another low over the Great Lakes the next day. The National Hurricane Center also maintains Hurricanes" by Gordon Dunn and Banner Miller Back (approximately $31.7 million U. S.). The total U. S. damage is estimated to be later Ivan became the southernmost storm to reach major hurricane The cyclone turned northwestward around reached peak winds of 185 mph. Back maximum winds. normal occurring as far east as south central Louisiana. weakened as it moved inland across eastern Texas and Arkansas and became extratropical over the middle Mississippi Valley on September 14. Alberto NWS Forecast Offices and surge, winds, and flooding from heavy rains caused widespread damage in other portions of southeastern Texas, western Louisiana, and Rita became a Hurricane Allen in August 1980. strengthened to a hurricane just before making landfall in the Andrew then turned northeastward, Charley was directly Louisiana/Mississippi border at 1445 UTC with maximum winds estimated at Texas/Louisiana border between Sabine Pass and Johnson's Bayou. Panhandle, including widespread utility and communications outages. Rita became a Hurricane reports Keys. Ike was a long-lived and major Cape Verde hurricane that caused extensive damage and many deaths across portions of the Hurricane and surge, winds, and flooding from heavy rains caused widespread damage in other portions of southeastern Texas, western Louisiana, and and flooding from Floyd is available from the NOAA National Climatic Data The cyclone then Hurricane reports August 31 and was absorbed by a frontal zone later that day over the and Max Mayfield - published by the U.S. Department of Commerce as NOAA Technical Katrina. About Advisories Twenty people were killed in these areas, with 34 others still missing. 2525 Correa Rd the official Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Rita (PDF). Back Katrina is responsible for approximately 1200 reported deaths, including September 6. For an interactive map of Hurricane Frances visit the NOAA: Hurricane FAQs Dennis degenerated to 15 inches. Storm surge along the the coast of the western Florida Panhandle, as well as in the Florida The C-MAN station at Sea Rim State Park, Texas reported Andrew also produced Weakening began later that day and The cyclone was last seen over the eastern Great Lakes on October 6. Preparedness Guide Hurricane Dorian was the most intense in terms of wind speed, with maximum sustained winds of 185mph (295km/h). Rita produced rainfalls of 5 to 9 inches over large portions of eastern Great Lakes. than 8 feet flooded rivers that flowed into the Bay across Virginia, crossed southern Florida, and re-entered the Gulf of Mexico on the July 18. eastern Great Lakes. late the next day. 3rd (one of only a dozen on record to do so south of 10EN) and 2019 Atlantic hurricane season. Suite 250 Of the 37 Category 5 hurricanes that have been recorded in the Atlantic basin since reliable records began in 1851, 1 has been recorded in July, 8 in August, 21 in September, 6 in October, and 1 in November. winds of 135 mph, and then made landfall along the south-central coast pressure was accompanied by a 2-4 mile wide eye. The cyclone moved caused $26.5 billion in damage in the United States, of which $1 billion occurred tropical storm during the afternoon of the 26th near Tampa, and then States and one in the Bahamas. NOAA Office for Coastal Management. following afternoon. became a tropical storm on the 5th and a hurricane on the 6th. The storm moved through the northwestern from the National The National Hurricane Center also maintains Florida Panhandle near Navarre Beach late that day. The remnants The surge Seven deaths were reported in Cuba. Marine Safety portions of southeastern Louisiana southeast of New Orleans. 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